Tips for garlic planting season

Wed, 10/21/2026 - 4:26pm Lisa

By:

Natalie Hoidal

UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA EXTENSION - www.extension.umn.edu

It's garlic planting season. Here are a few quick tips to guide you.

1. Delaying planting due to heat?

We've seen mild fall conditions across the state this year, and the first frost date is significantly delayed. The standard recommendation is to plant one to two weeks after the first killing frost, which typically falls in late September in northern Minnesota, and early October in southern Minnesota. Planting too early can lead to frost damage if the shoot emerges above the soil before winter. So, should you wait to plant? I asked a few colleagues to weigh in, and the general consensus was: No. Stick to the typical planting schedule, which means plant soon if you haven't done so already! Adding a thick layer of straw mulch sill help to keep your plants insulated through the winter. This will be particularly important if you see the shoots poking through the soil before a hard frost comes.

Two trenches with a garlic clove planted every 6 inches in each trench.

Garlic planted with 6” row spacing and 6” between cloves in a raised bed. Photo: Natalie Hoidal

2. Soils and fertility

Plant your garlic into a well-drained field. While garlic is a heavy nitrogen feeder, we recommend adding only about 1/4 to 1/3 of your nitrogen before planting. This is in part because nitrogen is very mobile in the soil. Your garlic will wait until spring to do most of its growing, and thus doesn't need a lot of nitrogen until then. If you apply all of your nitrogen now, you risk having some of it leach out of your soil before your garlic plants are able to use it.

How much total nitrogen does garlic need per acre?

Low organic matter (<3.1%): 120 pounds N
Medium organic matter (3.1-4.5%): 100 pounds N
High organic matter (>4.19%): 80 pounds N
Organic soil (>19%): 50 pounds N

This means you should apply only about 20-30 pounds of nitrogen this fall, and the remaining 60-90 pounds next spring.

However, both P and K should ideally be incorporated before planting. If you're using composted manure as your main fertilizer source, consider applying all of your composted manure in the fall to meet your P and K needs, and then supplementing with a nitrogen source in the spring to fulfill the rest of your garlic's nitrogen leaves.

Check out the full Growing Garlic in Minnesota guide to calculate your P and K requirements. If you need help understanding your soil test or choosing amendments, do not hesitate to reach out.

3. Check your seed

Garlic cloves are saved and planted from year to year, which makes it a vulnerable crop for carrying disease and insects over from year to year. Make sure your seed garlic has been tested for garlic bloat nematode. The seller should be able to provide confirmation to you that your garlic is clean. If you're saving garlic cloves from your own crop, be sure to have it tested every so often, even if you're not selling it. Additionally, check your garlic cloves for off-colors and streaks. Some garlic growers experienced aster yellows this year, and infected cloves will not produce viable bulbs.